b'Pilot projects and monitoring: consider conducting pilotComplexity of seed systems: seeds are intricate in terms projects to test and refine the SA before full-scale implementation.of their diversity, movement, and potential pest and disease risks. Monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the SA, including its impactImplementing a SA for seeds requires considering the complexi-on plant health protection, trade facilitation, and resource utilization.ties of the global seed system, including diverse seed types, supply Make necessary adjustments based on monitoring results. chains, and distribution networks. Addressing these complexities The specific implementation requirements may vary dependingand developing harmonized measures is challenging.on the country, sector, and commodities involved. Regular review,Differences in regulatory approaches: countries have var-feedback collection, and continuous improvement are essential forying phytosanitary regulations and approaches concerning seed successful SA implementation and long-term effectiveness in safe- movement. Harmonizing these regulations and aligning them guarding plant health and supporting trade, says Souza Richards. with a SA is a complex task, as it may require adjustments to exist-ing regulatory frameworks and national priorities. Differences in REGULATORY PROGRESS interpretation and application of scientific data and risk assessment The IPPC is in the process of developing an Annex to ISPM 38,methodologies can also contribute to opposition or slow progress.specifically dedicated to SAs for seed. This Annex will provide moreBalancing trade facilitation and pest risk management: detailed guidance on the implementation of SAs for phytosanitarydiscussions on implementing a SA for seeds involves balancing measures. The progress on the Annex to ISPM 38 has been ongoing,trade facilitation and pest risk management. Some countries may with discussions and consultations held among the IPPC memberprioritize stricter measures to protect their agricultural industries countries and relevant stakeholders.and ecosystems, while others may emphasize trade facilitation. It is worth noting that the development and finalizationFinding a common ground that ensures effective pest risk man-of international standards within the IPPC framework can takeagement while minimizing trade disruptions can be a complex and time due to the need for consensus among participating countries.sensitive process.The progress was quite good in the beginning, but members couldDespite these potential struggles, the IPPC provides a plat-not reach consensus at the last meeting of the Commission onform for member countries to collaborate, exchange knowledge, Phytosanitary Measures (CPM) in 2023. This might be due to theand work towards harmonizing phytosanitary measures, including complexity of the international movement of seed, the multilateralthose related to seeds. Continued discussions, capacity-building concept, or political issues, says Bezuidenhout. efforts, and stakeholder engagement can help address challenges, Souza Richards shares her insights into common struggles andovercome opposition, and advance the implementation of a SA for opposition that can potentially hinder progress in implementing aseeds, says Souza Richards.SA for seeds:EUROPEAN-SEED.COMISEED WORLD EUROPE I 19'