b'Yellow lupin. Source Soya UK White lupin. Source Saatzucht Steinachthe new ABS rules pose no bigger limitation so far.improving feed value, he says. Also, the content of oligosaccha-For its main sources of genetic diversity, PHR uses breed- rides, which limit the use of lupins in the feeding of monogastric ing materials and the domestic collection coordinated byanimals, could be reduced.the National Project for Plant Genetic Resources with moreDeyerler notes in various projects with the Landesanstalt than 1,200 Lupinus accessions. The International Lupinus fr Landwirtschaft Bayern, gene markers are being identified Collection Database is also available.in white lupin. There is plenty of germplasm to work with for Soya UKsWe hope that this can be a new tool for us in terms of fast breeders.selection and increasing breeding progress, Deyerler says. The During the Soviet times, much germplasm was gatheredcurrent demand for our varieties is very high and even above from many locations around the world, he says. Accessions toour expectations. our collection began in the 1950s, so its large. We continue toSoya UKs lupin breeders at the National Academy of add to it.Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine finds the genes that control sweet-Harzic at Crience notes that INRAE is an important geneticness and suppress the expression of alkaloid production are not resource centre for breeders in France, with a collection basedyet well understood. on surveys carried out in the 1980s around the perimeter of theA sweet lupin can cross-pollinate with another sweet lupin Mediterranean basin. The first winter-types were identified inof the same variety, and yet produce bitter progeny, the breed-the populations collected in Italy.ers note, making stabilisation quite challenging. A number of Saatzucht Steinach uses its own germplasm as well as mate- scientists from France, the UK and Australia have attempted rial from gene banks and breeding material from other countries.to gene-map and do QTL analysis on the alkaloid traits, but the At the moment we do not see any general difficulties orexact genes and the mechanisms involved remain unclear. problems that we cannot solve in private-public partnerships,While there is scope to apply gene editing and other tech-Eckardt says. The gene center of L. angustifolius is located innologies in lupin breeding, the question is whether lupin com-the Mediterranean area and belongs to the EU.mercialisation will become big enough, to provide a big enough incentive for someone to put in the investment, McNaughton INNOVATIONS AVAILABLE adds. At present, our lupin business struggles to produce the Harzic notes the white lupin genome was sequenced and pub- volume that would justify large breeding investments, so we are lished in 2020 but results of this research have not been usedin a bit of a chicken and egg situation with the crop.much by breeding companies to date.It seems that the world is also in a chicken-and-egg situation At PHR, in vitro plus embryo cultures are being used forwith lupin. It is a desirable crop, but it must compete favourably speeding up homozygotization and increasing the number ofwith other rotational options in terms of cost, yield and market progenies per year, along with new screening methods for alka- demands. With all the breeding activity, however, it seems lupins loids and the use of molecular markers.future is bright Eckardt reports, after several research projects, his team is transferring the marker-based selection of various traits into breeding trials. If gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas, can be used in the EU, many benefits can be achieved with lupin, he adds.More information on weed and pest control in lupins can be found For example, the content of the sulphur-containing aminoin the full version of our article on our website: https://europe-acids methionine and cystine could be increased, therebyan-seed.com/2021/11/move-over-soybeans-lupin-is-here-to-stay/EUROPEAN-SEED.COMIEUROPEAN SEED I 9'