b'The picture exemplifies a dually-beneficial habitat created on a less fertile tramline that separates two cereal fields, which do not require pollination as cereals are wind-pollinated. The cover crop Phacelia tanacetifoliaprovides bee fodder in the landscape between June and September, improves soil structure and fertility while suppressing weed growth. A good example of a synergistic biodiversity mainstreaming approach in crop production.the same time have an acceptable cost-benefit ratio in terms of yield and/or farm profitability.Table 1. All potentially relevant agro-ecosystem Our take on the subject was that if biodiversity beneficialservices for the arable field crops addressed measures would provide dual benefits that is, win-wins for crophere and categorized according to the Millennium production in addition to ecological resilience (biodiversity)Ecosystem Assessment, 2005; disservices added.over time, farmers would be more easily encouraged to imple-ment and scale them up. This in turn could provide more resil-ient landscapes and would make a big difference, especially ifSupporting services:Provisioning services/goods: implemented in simplified, large-scale European field crop areasSoil fertility relatedFood, feed (e.g., yield, biomass) where semi-natural or non-crop habitats are limited. These sim- services: Regulating services:plified landscapes are also those locations where mainly field Nutrient cyclingNatural pest/weeds/diseasecrops are grown and where action should be prioritized to makeSoil texture andcontrol a biodiversity difference. Here, implementing these dually-ben- structurePollination eficial habitats would contribute most to the biodiversityagri- Organic matter Waterquality(nitrate,inputrunoff)cultural-benefit interlinkages, while improving the connectivityformation of biodiversity across the landscape.Soil-water regime (retention/Carbon sequestrationregulation) ES: CAN YOU GIVE AN ESTIMATION ON HOW MUCH Soil physico-chemicalSoil erosion preventionHABITAT WAS LOST IN RECENT TIMES? composition(regulation) AD:In Europe (EU-27) not many natural habitats remain. The Soil water storage etc. Carbon sequestration (climate landscape is dominated by man-made changes such as construc- regulation)tion and infrastructure areas or working land such as forestsCultural services: and agricultural land. Agricultural land differs a lot too: someAesthetic values, recreation, areas contain smaller more diverse fields which are surroundedecotourism by semi-natural habitats such as forests, hedges and other land- Disservices:scape structures, other areas, usually the most fertile lands, havePests, weeds, diseasesbeen cleared from semi-natural habitats and single fields can be seen as reaching up to the horizon. Thus, if biodiversity is to be enhanced, the surrounding landscape is a big influencing EUROPEAN-SEED.COMIEUROPEAN SEED I 15'